An analysis of the geopolitical landscape in the region sheds light on the significance of Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif’s recent visit to China in contrast to his previous visits. Current global dynamics, such as the US’s stance on China, ongoing conflicts in Gaza and Ukraine, and the collaborative efforts between China and Russia across various domains, play pivotal roles. China’s emphasis on geo-economic expansion has drawn the attention of major players worldwide toward geopolitical maneuvers aimed at bolstering its global influence.
During his recent five-day visit to China, Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif participated in the China-Pakistan Business Forum held in Shenzhen, reinforcing the strong ties between the two neighboring nations. The visit encompassed three interconnected aspects:
Firstly, it focused on Phase 2 of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), highlighting mutual efforts in upgrading and enhancing bilateral cooperation within the corridor. Secondly, discussions delved into regional dynamics and geopolitical challenges that could potentially impact CPEC adversely. Thirdly, considering the backdrop of events like the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the Gaza conflict, China’s escalating global prominence, and the governance situation in Afghanistan under the Taliban, attention was given to how the United States perceives Pakistan-China cooperation and CPEC Phase 2.
China’s proactive economic diplomacy, marked by extensive international agreements, underscores its growing significance in global affairs. Evolving into a major manufacturing and trading hub, China has forged substantial economic ties and trade pacts, even with countries like the US. Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s discussions during the visit encompassed strategic collaboration and partnership, with a focus on the high-quality development of CPEC, establishment of special economic zones, and advancements in sectors such as infrastructure, healthcare, and media. Several Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) were inked, emphasizing both security and economic cooperation between the two countries.
For Pakistanis, the advancement of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) holds significant promise for their well-being. While we often extol the depth of the Pakistan-China friendship, likening it to the sweetness of honey, the depth of the sea, and the height of the Himalayas, the reality is that every nation must prioritize its people’s interests in diplomatic dealings. Against the backdrop of evolving geo-economic dynamics, China initiated CPEC as part of its broader Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
The Special Investment Facilitation Council (SIFC) plays a crucial role in streamlining the development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs), facilitating business procedures, and attracting Chinese investment. The Prime Minister’s endeavors to foster business ties and economic collaboration are noteworthy.
Examining the geopolitical significance of CPEC reveals divergent interests. American and allied interests do not align with the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. In a recent Arab State and China operational meeting, China’s proposal for a separate peace conference regarding Gaza exerted pressure on the US and Western nations. China regards CPEC as a vital lifeline (Shahrg) due to the arduous and risky voyage it circumvents, spanning 16,000 nautical miles and traversing areas closely watched by the US and its allies. Thus, expediting the implementation of CPEC is imperative for China’s strategic interests. The establishment of Special Economic Zones in Phase 2 of CPEC holds paramount importance for Pakistan’s economic growth.
The absence of operational SEZs impedes Pakistan from reaping substantial benefits from CPEC. Moreover, countries wary of the Pakistan-China friendship and CPEC engage in various disruptive activities, including covert threats and overt challenges, as evidenced by incidents like the attack on Chinese citizens in Bisham. Pakistan must address security concerns surrounding Chinese nationals and projects, tackling external interference and terrorism head-on. Both countries remain committed to safeguarding Chinese interests while combatting security threats.
Pakistan faces the delicate task of balancing its relations with global powers like China and the US amidst escalating tensions. Maintaining equilibrium in international relations is crucial for Pakistan’s diplomatic strategy.
Combatting terrorism necessitates more than ground warfare; Pakistan must ensure the comprehensive implementation of its national action plan, addressing the remaining points. Additionally, introspection into foreign policy shortcomings is imperative to rectify issues contributing to terrorism and strained relations with neighboring countries like Afghanistan, which have historical implications for the rise of groups like the Taliban.
The focal point of US foreign policy revolves around curbing China’s influence, viewing China as a significant threat to its superpower status. Completion of projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) poses a particular concern for the US. Once the pipeline in CPEC is established, China could significantly reduce its oil transportation time, currently facing considerable risks through sea routes, to just one week via CPEC, mitigating these risks entirely.
Consequently, Pakistan confronts significant terrorism threats from both within and outside its borders, particularly in regions like Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. The escalating terrorism landscape necessitates a comprehensive approach to security, extending beyond military measures to address underlying issues fueling terrorism.
Efforts should focus on identifying and eradicating the root causes of terrorism in Pakistan, alongside implementing the National Action Plan and fortifying border security to prevent the infiltration of terrorist elements. Smuggling activities, often camouflaging illegal weapons along with commercial goods, serve as conduits for anti-state actors, exacerbating security challenges. Collaboration between security agencies is imperative to trace the origins of such weapons and disrupt their supply chains.
Recent revelations about armed groups acquiring weapons abandoned by the US during its hasty withdrawal from Afghanistan, facilitated by groups like Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), underscore the multifaceted nature of security threats facing Pakistan. Addressing these threats requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing both security measures and counterterrorism strategies, particularly in safeguarding projects like CPEC.
Meanwhile, Pakistan’s election as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council signifies a diplomatic achievement with potential implications for addressing global challenges, promoting democratic values, and recalibrating international power dynamics. However, concerns persist regarding the efficacy of the Security Council, hindered by veto powers and political interests. Reforms aimed at bolstering the Council’s credibility and influence, such as expanding membership and reevaluating veto powers, are imperative to enhance its effectiveness in addressing contemporary global issues.
